The electronic name of the single-chip microcomputer is microcontroller (MCU), and the single-chip microcomputer has become the cornerstone of the development of the automotive electronics industry in the contemporary era. The single-chip microcomputer is not a mysterious thing. It has been widely used in all aspects of people's work and life. It is always in contact and used, but it is installed in the inner space of electrical products. We rarely see it. Not aware of it. For example, our mobile phones, TVs, air conditioners, microwaves, washing machines, stereos, electric water heaters, automobiles, etc., are all equipped with various microcomputers or microprocessors with a single-chip microcomputer as the core, and its role and status More and more important, no wonder domestic and foreign information experts say: Now we are living in the colorful world of single-chip microcomputers. www.szdxkj.com www.szjup.com

So, what is a microcontroller? It is actually a special, advanced chip. Unlike ordinary chips, it can only perform a certain logic function. It can be said that it is a very subtle brain chip.

The function of the single-chip microcomputer is to connect the central processing unit (CPU), random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (POM) and input/output (I/O) ports on the microcomputer. The single-chip microcomputer is like a human brain. Program programming, calculation operations, and issuing instructions play a central role, that is, the main performance is reflected in the functions of the single-chip microcomputer, so as to form a modern, integrated electronic control unit structure (ECU).

In recent years, there is another name for single-chip microcomputers called "User Defined Integrated Circuits (CSIC)", that is, to meet the diverse personal requirements of users, it is necessary to design different types and different models of single-chip microcomputers with compatible performance in response to this demand.

Single-chip microcomputers have been widely used in modern cars. A luxury car may be equipped with a microcomputer composed of one or two hundred single-chip microcomputers, and even a mid-level car can be equipped with 60 or 70 single-chip microcomputers. With the continuous progress of the automotive electronics industry, automobiles have become the largest application site for high-performance single-chip microcomputers, which are used in various automotive electronic control products and in-vehicle electronic products.

small microcontroller

As early as 1968, American physicist Robert Noyce and chemist Gordon Moore (later the inventor of Moore's Law) were engaged in microcontroller research at Fairchild Semiconductor, and in 1971 they were invented by Intel Corporation in the United States. The MCU was officially put into production in 1975. Since then, the MCU business has achieved extraordinary development. It can be said:

The 1970s was the embryonic period of single-chip microcomputers. People researched and improved while making exploratory applications in the industrial field. By the early 1980s, it entered a period of perfect application. For example, at that time, Intel was able to produce MCS-48, 8-bit. The single-chip microcomputer is used in the control of electronic products in the industrial field. By the end of the 1980s, it entered the mass production and application period. Well, it is also used in automobiles. The era of single-chip microcomputers has come; in the 1990s, the invention of embedded single-chip microcomputers promoted the application of single-chip microcomputers into a new era. The development of single-chip microcomputers has new ideas, and single-chip microcomputers have entered the system application period. In the new century, the application of single-chip microcomputer has entered a mature period, its use has been socialized, and the colorful technological innovation of single-chip microcomputer has formed expansion and application in different fields, prompting the use of single-chip microcomputers in many low-end electrical products and market expansion At the same time, it also provides demand for high-end products, such as military industry, aerospace, aerospace, network, new energy, and electric vehicles. After 2010, the intelligent level of single-chip computers has rapidly improved, and superconducting, nano, network, and advanced applications have been continuously applied. Software, even graphene and other high-tech, single-chip microcomputers have become thin and small, and the application performance has been greatly improved. Now a single-chip microcomputer the size of a nail has been integrated to emit hundreds of millions of times, or more than 1 billion operating frequencies, which can be simulated The perception behavior of the human brain, a chip with human brain thinking has also been developed, which is called a "neuron" single-chip microcomputer. It can be seen that for a small single-chip microcomputer, how many scientists, entrepreneurs, engineers and technicians, and skilled workers have spent nearly half a century of hard work to present today's explosive development situation.

To sum up, the current MCU development features are: large-capacity, ultra-high-speed, multi-function, low energy consumption, miniaturization, specialization, safety, low price, and intelligent development. The characteristics are very distinctive, and the small single-chip microcomputer is playing world.

It is precisely because of the continuous expansion of the application field of the microcontroller market, the continuous improvement of products and the continuous reduction of costs, a number of well-known microcontroller multinational companies have emerged in the world, such as Intel, Freescale, Infineon, Philips, STMicroelectronics, Hitachi, Panasonic, NEC , Samsung, Renesas, etc., among which Freescale is separated from Motorola and specializes in the production of automotive-based microcontroller companies.

There are also a number of single-chip manufacturers in my country, mainly in Shenzhen, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other areas. The output is large, but they produce relatively low-end and cheaper single-chips. Because the single-chip market is developing infinitely, the market Competition and monopoly coexist at the same time, the old products of single-chip microcomputers are constantly being eliminated, and new products are constantly pouring into the market, and the competition is fierce. Due to the large market for single-chip microcomputers in China, companies such as Intel, Infineon, and Samsung have established single-chip manufacturing businesses in Xi'an, Chongqing, Beijing and other regions of China, and some are cooperating with each other. The Chinese single-chip market has become diversified.

What I want to explain here is that there are only a few multinational companies in the world that produce single-chip microcomputers in automobiles, and a technology monopoly has formed. Recently, Chinese single-chip companies have not been able to produce single-chip microcomputers for automobiles. The supply of single-chip microcomputers is 100% close to the mouth. There is a major lack of core technology in our automotive electronics industry. It is an urgent issue that we are looking forward to to establish our own technology and base to master automotive single-chip microcomputers.

　　Another revolution in MCU

With the rapid development of the IT industry and many high-tech, a kind of embedded system-on-chip microcontroller (SoC) was invented in the late 1990s and applied to the electronic control of various products in all walks of life in the society. The arrival of an age of revolution.

　　What is an embedded system? It is application-centric, based on computer technology, software and hardware can be tailored, adapted to system applications, and is a concentrated expression of a dedicated computer system with strict requirements on function, cost, volume, reliability, and power consumption. Simply put, any dedicated software and hardware system with a microprocessor can be called an embedded system.

　　What is an embedded system-on-chip (SoC) chip? It is a highly integrated, firmware-based system integration technology. The core of the system design using SoC technology is to integrate all the functions of the entire application electronic system on one chip, except for those that cannot integrate external circuits or mechanical components. All other circuit systems are all concentrated together, it can be said that a chip has the full power and performance of a computer.

Since the emergence of single-chip microcomputers in the 1970s, its technological development history has roughly three stages, that is, the single-chip microcomputer appears in the form of a microcomputer (SCM), which is the first stage; and then there is the MCU microcontroller, which has been mentioned above. This is the second stage that is widely used in contemporary products; the current third stage is the advent of the booming SoC dedicated microcontroller era, which is a breakthrough development in the system design of microcontroller applications, and promotes microcontrollers to become embedded and enter independent systems. A new stage of application. However, the application of single-chip microcomputers in automobiles is mostly in the second stage, that is, the application of MCU micro-controllers.

The automotive micro-controller is modified on the basis of the general-purpose single-chip microcomputer. It is developed to meet the special requirements of the automobile environment and characteristics. The micro-controller is developed to achieve fast calculation, high precision, strong shock resistance, good moisture resistance, and high dust resistance. Features. At present, there are 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit special-purpose microprocessors for automobiles, and some of them are also developing in the direction of 64-bit, but the actual application is mostly 16-bit and 32-bit. Various forms of single-chip microcomputers have been widely used in gasoline electronic injection electronic control systems, diesel engine co-rolling electronic control systems, engine supercharger electronic control systems, automobile cruise operation control systems, automobile body electronic control systems, air-conditioning automatic control systems, and airbags Coordinated control system, tire pressure detection system, vehicle vehicle network and communication control system, etc. Of course, the application of various electronic control projects for new energy vehicles and intelligent automatic driving electronic control technology is also under continuous development.